Survey of out-patient training by junior residents at university hospitals in Japan / 医学教育

<p>　It is necessary to perform out-patient training in order to acquire the basic medical skills of primary care. However, the actual situation of out-patient training has not been clarified in Japan. Therefore, we performed a survey of out-patient training by junior residents at university hospitals throughout Japan.</p><p>　A questionnaire survey was performed on out-patient training for junior residents at 80 university hospitals (main hospitals) nationwide. We received responses from 39 hospitals. The hospitals where out-patient training by junior residents was performed numbered 34, and there were 26 hospitals in which the training in out-patient reception hours is being performed. Hospitals which received training on related hospitals were also noted. There were many hospitals receiving a few patients with common symptoms. It is important to conduct training in university hospitals in cooperation with local hospitals.</p>

Students in medical interview training classes prefer the teacher's feedback, including stories of their clinical experiences, and discussion among students / 医学教育

<p>Objective: Teachers of various departments are in charge of medical interview training classes with the participation of simulated patients. However, it is not clear whether there are differences in feedback (FB) among teachers. The objective was to examine differences in FB among teachers, investigate effective FB methods, and evaluate the effect of an FB manual.<br>Methods: We conducted a questionnaire survey of students to assess their evaluation of FB by teachers. In the meantime, we transcribed and analyzed teachers' FB on the basis of video recordings. We created a teacher's manual for FB on the basis of these results. We conducted a similar survey the following year.<br>Results: The evaluations from students included many positive opinions, such as "we heard from the teachers about their clinical experiences" . Analysis of the videos showed significant differences in the contents of FB among groups. The performance of the interview strongly influenced the content of the FB. Variations in each group tended to be reduced the following year.<br>Conclusions: 1) There were significant differences in FB among teachers. 2) FB that includes the clinical experiences of the teacher and discussion among students may enhance the learning effect. 3) Introduction of the manual increased the relevance of FB.</p>